Markov’s Inequality

Probability and Statistics > Markov’s Inequality gives an upper bound on the probability that a non negative random variable is greater than or equal to some positive constant. Given a non-negative random variable and a positive constant , Markov’s Inequality states that the probability that is greater than or equal to must be less than … Read more


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What is a Two Proportion Z-Interval?

A Two Proportion Z-Interval (or Z-Test) allows you to calculate the true difference in proportions of two independent groups to a given confidence interval. There are a few familiar conditions that need to be met for the Two Proportion Z-Interval to be valid. First, the groups must be independent. Subjects can be in one group … Read more


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Bivariate Correlation and Regression

< Statistics definitions < Bivariate Correlation and Regression What is Bivariate Correlation? Bivariate correlation analyzes the relationship between two variables — usually two types of related data such as caloric intake and weight, income and house expenditures, or daily temperature and ice cream sales [1]. It tests whether the two variables have a linear relationship, … Read more


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Glass’s Delta

Effect Size > Glass’s delta Glass’s delta (Glass et al. 1981) is a measure of effect size. Glass’s delta uses only the control group’s standard deviation (SDC). This is because Glass argued that if several treatments were compared to a control group, it would be better to use just the standard deviation computed from the … Read more


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Edgeworth Series Distribution

Probability Distributions > The Edgeworth series distribution is a continuous probability distribution that approximates a probability distribution in terms of its cumulants and Hermite polynomials [1]. It relates the probability density function (PDF) to a standard normal distribution PDF. It is sometimes seen in statistical asymptotic theory, where approximations to sample statistic distributions of order … Read more


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Arfwedson Distribution

Probability Distributions > The Arfwedson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that was introduced by C. Arfwedson in 1951. It is a two-parameter distribution, with the parameters alpha and beta. The Arfwedson distribution is a special case of the occupancy distribution, and it can be used to model the number of different balls that have … Read more


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Order of Integration: Time Series and Integration

Time Plot > Contents: Order of Integration (Time Series) Order of Integration (Integrals) Order of Integration (Time Series) You may want to read this article first: What is a Unit Root? “Order of integration” is a summary statistic used to describe a unit root process in time series analysis. Specifically, it tells you the minimum … Read more


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Causal Graph

Charts and Graphs > > Causal Graph What is a Causal Graph Model? A causal graph model (also called Bayesian networks, DAGs or path diagrams) are a way to represent how causality works in terms of what causes what. These probabilistic graphical models are used to encode assumptions about data-generating processes. Independence and conditional independence … Read more


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Beta Geometric Distribution (Type I Geometric)

Probability Distributions > What is the Beta Geometric Distribution? The Beta Geometric distribution is a unique type of distribution. We can think about it as being composed of two pieces: the probability that success will occur, and what’s known as shape parameters α and β which must always be positive numbers. This combination creates an … Read more


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Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm / Metropolis Algorithm

Markov Chain Monte Carlo > The Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is a popular statistical sampling method used in statistics and data science. It is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, meaning that it uses random samples from a probability distribution to estimate parameters. In this blog post, we will discuss what the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm is, how … Read more


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