Statistics How To

Probability Distributions > A univariate distribution is the probability distribution of a single random variable. For example, the energy formula (x – 10)2/2 is a univariate distribution because only one variable (x) is given in the formula. In contrast, bivariate…

Statistics Definitions > The midrank is a tied observation’s average rank. An observation’s rank is its position in an order list, from smallest to largest. A midrank is one way to deal with tied ranks in nonparametric tests that based…

Hypothesis Testing > The Brunner Munzel test (also called the Generalized Wilcoxon Test) is a non parametric statistical test for stochastic equality of two samples. Stochastic equality is a similarity measure between two populations, which means that the populations have…

Probability Distributions > You may want to read this article first: Discrete vs. Continuous Variables. What is a Continuous Probability Distribution? Probability distributions are either continuous probability distributions or discrete probability distributions. A continuous distribution has a range of values…

Statistics Definitions > Quantum statistical mechanics is the study of probability potential of subatomic particles and bulk properties. Subatomic particles don’t obey the classical counting rules and anyons take the bizarre world of quantum theory a step further–disobeying the “usual”…

Statistics Definitions > A canonical statistic (sometimes called a natural statistic) is a way to specify a particular exponential distribution. All exponential families of distributions over x have the general form (Creager, 2018) p(x| η) = h(x) g(η) exp{ηT u(x)}…

Research Methods > What is Ethnography? Ethnography is the study of people in their own environment through methods like participant observation and face-to-face interviewing. According to ethnographer David Fetterman, this method gives a voice to people in their own local…

Statistics Definitions > Scale Invariance What is Scale Invariance? A system, function, or statistic has scale invariance if changing the scale by a certain amount does not change the system, function, or statistic’s shape or properties. Fractals are one of…

Descriptive Statistics > A peak of a distribution is a “bump” or high point in a graph. In statistics, the peaks are more formally called modes; The data count is higher in these areas than in any other parts of…

Statistics Definitions > In a data warehouse, data granularity is the level of detail in a model or decision making process. It tells you how detailed your data is: Lower levels of detail equal finer, more detailed, data granularity (Ponniah,…